The administrator of misiones de Californias asks the viceroy to return some of the land that belonged to the missions and were later given to settlers of Villa de Hoyos and Cerro Santiago, because remaining agostaderos are not enough to sustain the cattle. Survey is effected, and declaration is taken to vecinos and estate administrators from several villages in the area, recording in very precise and detailed way the limits of each agostadero, private estate and of the jurisdictions of each village. Sometimes the number of animals raised in each agostadero is also declared. Witnesses of the division of the hacienda of California, when the new villages were founded, describe which were the limits of that original unit. Vecinos ask the limits to be maintained as they are, because any reduction in their estates would menace their economic stability and ultimately lead to the depopulation of the frontier. Some of them Argue that the land they received did not belong to the missions but was occupied by Indians. Two agostaderos called Nochebuena and Corcobado, seem to be the main source of the conflict. (A. Nielsen, October 1989)

Rodriguez Gallardo's deposition and remarks to informe written by visitor of Jesuit missions in Sonora. Issues discussed include consolidation of dispersed pueblos de indios; military escort for religious entradas into frontier areas; definition of indios vagantes; reasons for Pueblo desertion. Cites various articles from recopilacion de Leyes de las indias concerning reduction of Indians to mission life. author suggests that 2,000 pesos be sent to governor of Sinaloa to combat Apaches and that Barrancas of Sierra Madre be cleared of small Tarahumaran rancherias, and Indians gathered to be settled in larger pueblos. Also discussed are issues of election of Indian civic officials, regional officials to oversee Indian communities, Indian labor at missions, and punishment of mission Indians. Included is definition of siembras de comunidad versus siembras de Iglesia; number of Indians needed for a Pueblo to be legally recognized. Also, suggestions concerning land tenancy, education and repartimiento system in Sonora. (J. H. Ochs, November 1987)

Bishop of Durango communicates that locals in Durango would be willing to make voluntary donations to defray expenses of dragones; 15 or 20 thousand pesos is asked from local citizens; Ugarte wants to visit Parajes and hacienda in order to See how much the citizens can donate, but thinks it is enough to clothe and provide tack for soldiers; virrey pushes for earlier request of 15 to 20 thousand pesos; volume index no. 10. (p. Coyle November 1989)

Hijosa disagrees with new reglamento requiring sale of oxen in department, as against interests of government. Names transportation difficulties for salt production, economic drawbacks and inability to sell worthless Carts to defend his position. Includes information on costs of pasturing and names cattle raisers in area who will suffer to convince viceroy to reconsider reglamento. (J. M. Johnson, may 1988)

Summary of testimonies about Escandon's record in completing orders to pacify and reduce Indians and settle Nuevo Santander by officers and settlers and their charges against him. Funds spent, mistreatment of Indians, assassination of 5 capitans, use of Indians to work Escandon's land, build his Palace, and increase his wealth. Real cedula ordering pacification of Nuevo Santander delayed in its completion. Activities of Escandon include use of military funds, Indians reduction, founding of 14 settlements with population count of number and families and troops in each (f.8); plus 6 more settlements founded which were not in original budget of 115,000p. Complaint of not achieving increased agricultural production in spite of having fertile land, water; availability of minerals and salt. History of Escandon's earlier military record, reopening of missions. Problems resulting from drought. Espenses of military salaries and sinodos to missionaries. Annual costs in pacification process. Cost of settling 15 families from canary islands in Texas (ff.17). Organization of troops and distribution among settlements; distribution of lands. Difficulty of defending property under Indian hostilities. Complaint that Escandon's soldiers instead of gathering Indians together killed them inhumanely when they asked for peace. Murder by capitan trasieria and soldiers of slave and silversmith not punished or investigated by Escandon; Escandon named capitans and paid them salaries of 500p. (ff.33). Alvares' attempts at populating Rio Verde, movement of people, costs, problems with hostile Indians, mosquito plague (ff.56) order not to let Laredo capitan admit Apaches even though they offered peace (ff.57). Escandon prohibited commerce; payed soldiers in goods. Mining of silver without paying royal fifth (ff.63). Escandon has made few or no reducciones since 1746. List of 9 places on coast where Escandon says he has reduced total of 1,258 Indians and gives names of ethnic groups and number baptised in each location (ff.64). Service record of Escandon since he began service in Yucatan, distinguished service in Sierra Gorda as sargento mayor, teniente until 1746 (ff.68). Provides total inventory of livestock in 20 settlements. Movement of Escandon (Villa), Reynosa, and Burgos settlers to new Parajes (nuezes, Tetillas, Encinos). Molina reinstated as capitan; Barbara Resendi's complaints against Escandon (ff.83)(ff125). Charges against fray Garcia as being hipocrite receiving double salary (ff.91) description of reason for failure of mission for Cocos in San Saba due to murder of missionaries (ff.112). Apaches do not want to be reduced, only want peace and commerce with Spanish (ff.113). Even when they offer peace, Escandon gives them motives to be insolent. Murder at Rancheria of smallpox infected and other Indians by capitan went unpunished (ff.120). Massacre of Janambres on road to Horcasitas (ff 121). Paz not punished for murder of Indians (ff.122). Guevarra's murder of reduced Indians of mission of Santander unpunished. Cordova's mistreatment of Indians in Rio Frio (ff.124). Use of Indians Sihui, janambre as work force, Indian death due to hard labor (ff.125). Attempt to reduce Pames threatening to drive them to the coast. Indians paid 4p month plus rations for corn growing and also grew their own crops (ff.131). Escandon allowed people exemption from debts in order to populate settlements. Escandon's appointing as capitans convicted murder. Escandon refused to release Sanches Borriego who was involved in riot of Coahuila to Serma. Two destructions of Pizones' church in Santa Rossa and Taumave missions. Taking of Indian lands to give to Carmelita priests for 10 years. No payment of Diezmos for farmland; Diezmos payments of hollas, Mier, and Revilla. Escandon nor captain Vasques Borrego payed Diezmos for their large cattle haciendas. Gives cost of campaign against Indians of north and Apaches who attacked Taguacanas. Defense of Escandon's choice of capitans and families to populate settlement in that it is difficult to find cultivated people like those from the capital--they must come from the provinces. Description of Tanambre November 1754 destruction of mission Ruvoroso near Escandon; only 4 escaped including missionary. Complaint of Tanambres robbing, Murdering. Escandon captured tamambre rebles and sent them to Querataro prison. Tamambres and Tonases sent to Querataro as labors, servants and for convents. Marcos Molino's case in which he worked for Hidalgo for 15 years without payment. (ff.163) use of hard labor as punishment as well as death sentence. (L. L. Woodward, November 1988)

Brief, incomplete index to governor's correspondence. Report of expedition to evaluate livestock and property of ranches around Camargo.

Documents concerning naming of new governor of Nuevo Leon after previous governor removed for disloyalty. includes letter by Froylan de Mier arguing that attempts at self government by local Alcaldes during interim have failed. Froylan de Mier makes undetailed references to deteriorating economic conditions in Nuevo Leon and mismanagement of Indian communities. Villamil is chosen after much discussion between virrey and ministros de Caxa de San Luis Potosi over salary of new governor and amount of his remittance for having been appointed (A. Tukey, November 1988)

Rich details of history and settlement of missions and presidios near San Fernando. Founding and abandonment of presidio of Texas. Details of Indian invasion of mission of los Adaes, French and Indian fighting against Spanish. Gives geographical limits of province of Texas, describes fruits cultivated, resources for pasturing, construction, water, wildlife, animals, commerce, mining. Discusses war with Apaches and inability to reduce them. Establishment of San Fernando and population figures. Request for troops in San Sabas; cattle, horses, provisions in Adaes due to Indians leaving missions, ranches needing to be reestablished, Indian war hindering exploitation of land, risk of families leaving. Ripperda responds that movement of troops will be held up until he can provide for detachment to San Sabas. (L. L. Woodward, February1988)

Discusses transfers of troops; need for more defense and arms due to Indian raids on ranches stealing cattle and horses. Movement of Indians and troops from mission on Rio San Xavier to Rio San Sabas. Numerous groups of Indians join Tauayas; groups influenced by Comanche attacks. Pelones and other nations limit communication between presidios. Spanish kill Indians, expropriate Indian horses. 200 Indians spotted 3 leagues from presidio. (L. L. Woodward, February 1988)