Series of documents dealing with Ugalde's military campaigns against Mescaleros, Comanches, Lipanes, and Lipiyanes in Coahuila. Discussion of Ugalde's arrival to Coahuila and his survey of the area in preparation for his campaign; he is informed of combats with Comanches, and there is a good description of the military tactics employed by the Indians; there is also reference to trade between soldiers and Comanches after battle. Ugalde sends detailed diary of his campaigns to viceroy. Lists number of soldiers employed, as well as the number and types of weapons used in the expedition; clothing of Indian auxiliaries are described, as well as amount and type of food required by soldiers and Indian auxiliaries; there is good discussion of the mass given before departure of troops, as well as the use of an effigy of the virgin of Guadalupe in order to receive divine assistance. Ugalde also informs of problems associated with lack of water and death of many horses. He gives a good description of the area referring to the many rivers, lakes, aguajes, and mountains encountered in his path. Includes summary of all Indians that were killed, injured, and taken captives, and of all tribes that sought peace. He complains many Mescaleros fled to presidio del norte where they were given refuge, and that this diminishes to some extent, all the gains made in the campaign. In other letters the viceroy approves of Ugalde's actions and requests more cooperation between Ugarte and Ugalde. (J. Tapia, October, 1987)

Series of documents dealing with the Mescalero revolt in Cohahuila. Discussion of sending troops and Indian auxiliaries to chase rebels. There is discussion of the factors leading to the revolt, such as bad treatment, unkept promises, etc. Also discussion that some Indians remained loyal to Spaniards. (J. Tapia, September, 1987)

Series of documents dealing with the pacification of the Mescalero Apaches. Discussion of methods to assist them in sedentary agricultural life, and Apaches complain they like to move around in their hunting and gathering ways of life. There is also discussion of restricting Indian movements by requiring travel permits. there is also discussion of the revolt of some Mimbrenos and Mescaleros in which some soldiers were killed; Ugarte mobilizes his troops and some Indian auxiliaries in attempt to control rebel Indians. In some letters there is also discussion of fomenting animosity between the different Indian groups so they can be better controlled. (J. Tapia, September, 1987)

Series of documents concerning peace treaties with Mescaleros. Discussion of specific relations to be maintained with Indians. Letter of February 12, 1787, discussion of costs of relocating Indians near presidios. Letter of April 27, 1787, discussing new Indian settlements and their subsistence methods. Concern that Indians may not adapt to agriculture due to tradition of gathering wild plants and hunting animals. Letter of April 13, 1787, Ugarte is informed that some peaceful Indians were attacked by soldiers from Cohaguila. Much discussion on the reasons for Ugalde to attack peaceful Indians. Ugarte and his officials worry that Indians will mistrust them due to this attack. Military officials attempt to pacify Indians by giving them gifts and offering to protect them from other Indians. Letter may 1, 1787, Ugarte is informed Indians request release of Indians captured by Ugalde. Letter of September 7, 1787, discussion of maintaining animosity between different Indian groups so that they can be controlled better. (J. Tapia, September, 1987)

Many letters by Ugalde with additional suggestions for troop organization, food supply points, areas of surveillance; later revised orders according to progress being made. F.502 mentions peaceful Mezcaleros living at Norte. F.514 proposes forming Apache auxiliaries against Comanches. (A. Dean, April 1990)

Mendinueta recounts Indian murders, thefts and reports failures to catch Indian offenders. Cites difficulty in initiating campaigns due to lack of horses. Indicates desire to form force composed of presidio military personnel, Indians and militia to punish Indian offenders. Voices complaints of Oconor's command. (S. Gibbs, September 1987)

Cachupin reports that militia and auxiliaries are in state of unpreparedness and need escopetas, cortas, Polvora in order to adequately protect Spain's dominions from British invasion. He suggests that gunpowder factory be established at El Paso where raw materials are readily available. (D. Marksz, July 1987)

Diary of movements of troops from presidio del Paso del Norte, and service records of Luzero, Velarde and Fuente. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Certification by Paez and Velarde of occurrences in campaign against Apaches, including number of Indians killed and captured. Letter from Fuente requesting that four Indians be released. (D. Marksz, June 1987)

Administrative concerns: Cabildo, Tabacco. Abandonment of presidios of Adaes, Orcoquiza, and San Antonio and of missions. Concerns transport of artillery, remaining property of king, troops and 500 vecinos. Establishment of new detachment. Need to obey Oconor's instructions in the new regulations. Mission inventories received. Details of participants, including escorts and interpreter in visit to Indians. Request of corn, beans, salt for Indians. Peace successful with 3 friendly nations. Over 4,000 pesos spent on gifts for Indians. Abuses of arms given to Indians. Details of campaign against Comanches for livestock thefts. Apache thefts. Suspension of Cabildo. Freedom granted to mission Indian. Insubordination of Pacheco. Visit of Oconor and inspection by Rubio. Comments on quality and condition of troops and equipment. Concerns power and authority of presidio capitans under new regulations; capitans subordinate to comandante inspector. Request for coastal Indians for missions; apostate Indians for auxiliaries. Tancahues arrive in display of peace. Publication and distribution of vandos about collection of old currency. (L. L. Woodward, May 1988)