Presents conditions under which Ugalde sought out Picax-Ande for assistance with campaign against Mescaleros. Ugalde attempted many times to discover picax-andes's true motives. Sent him out accompanied by troops which he did not readily accept. Describes picax-ande's position and territory - was gente general de Apacheria del oriente, an area determined by a line drawn along the Concho River and the mountains of Sibolo, Movano and Guadalupe. Valdes' reports indicate that Picax-Ande committed many infractions and encouraged other tribes to engage in raids against Spanish. Learned that Picax-Ande had offered to steal horses from military and meet with other tribes in Moras to distribute them. Ugalde suggests that with such evidence, granting peace to Lipiyanes is an error because, while they provide protection from Comanches, they conduct their own raids. Discusses need for serious military punishment for Indians in all areas who abuse good faith of Spanish. says it is necessary to deprive Lipiyanes of corrupt leader because they follow him blindly. Includes Valdez' diary as proof of Picax's infractions. Contains conversations with, observations and daily events of Indians. Ugalde proves that Lipiyanes and Mescaleros are related and describes activities attended by both. says Picax's wife is Alegre's Sister and Alegre's wife is Picax's Sister. Finally gives proof of horses and property stolen during supposed peace. Diary contains description of daily events, conversations with and observations of Indians. (M. Dannemiller, December 1988)

Ugalde kills 2 Mescaleros, captures 66 that were under the pretense of peace. Brings in troops from other areas. Gives complete description of soldiers and assignments during ambush. All were to meet in Zaguan. White handkerchief to be sign sent Arendano to Rancheria to capture or murder anyone there. Long description of speech he made. Capture of Indians and number of heads brought of Indians who hadn't attended. Suggests promotions for officials involved. Assisted by Gutierrez who knew language and customs because he had been kidnapped for 6 years. Ugalde expected Picax-Ande to direct campaign in search of enemy but due to scheduled Lipan buffalo slaughter, Picax-Ande will be delayed 2 months. He promises to capture or kill all Mescaleros in area. Mescalero captain sends messenger with request for peace, to which Ugalde responds that he is willing to negotiate new agreement but demands such as arms training are not sensible. Contains and residents. After hours of discussion and an expedition in area, Ugalde learns from Picax-Ande that Mescaleros did not actually expect peace and had plotted revenge that resulted in several raids that included murder and theft of horses. Ugalde demands an explanation from guifie-gurya which is given in detail. Quifie-Gusya says he will return with all who had accepted peace to be placed in location selected by Ugalde. Most arrive a week later, Yacolk-su choosing to take command of nearby Apache tribe. Ugalde sends Gutierrez to Rancheria to observe activities and informs him that Apaches are restless, well armed and surely planning to murder Ugalde. Captains in town repeatedly offer to take him to See rancherias finally with all present. He offers peace, says all must attend and sends detachment to watch Rancheria. Includes list of Indians murdered and captured by sex and tribe. Virrey approves of action and recommends his promotion to brigadier to king. (M. Dannemiller, December 1988)

Letters concern Sierra Gorda's objection to virrey's and Munoz' interpretation of Galvez' instructions for granting peace to Indian nations. Relates Sierra Gorda's March to Croix with civilian soldiers in search of Lipanes. Relates number of troops, their destinations and complete list of uniforms, munitions, armaments, horses and military equipment. Records number of items taken and count of how many returned. Lists include names of soldiers as well. says when troops caught up with Indians, some fled and others presented themselves with Lipan capitan Daga to request peace agreement. Sierra Gorda hoped for opportunity to punish same Indians for certain includes lists of murders, captives, and animals and personal property stolen from Revilla, Mier, San Augustin. In letter to Munoz, Gorda points out increased damages caused by Indian raids. Presumably due to incident in Croix, Gorda says by granting peace, Spanish are protecting Indian criminals. says Galvez' law must be considered independently for each case. Peace should be granted in this case only on the condition that all horses, captives and property are returned. Munoz responds saying that Daga justified his plea saying recent hostilities due to peace broken by Spanish and hostilities against Lipanes at Rio Norte. Munoz only agreed to discuss peace if six other capitans mentioned by Daga presented themselves. Virrey supports Munoz since current policy from comandancia general says all efforts toward reductions should be made. Approved use of Indian and civilian soldiers and says Gorda should have continued expedition. (M. Dannemiller November 1988)

1786 letters concerning necessary military response to recent Indian hostilities. Sierra Gorda says he intends to punish Indians responsible for depredations. says Indians under pretense of peace continue to rob, murder and terrorize. Relates incident in which five shepherds murdered. Concerns deployment of troops to search out enemy. After long campaign hindered by rain, caught up with Apaches in Croix. Virrey responds telling Sierra Gorda to watch carefully for abuses of good faith and to use military to assure compliance with peace conditions. says they must attempt to reduce Camoteros and Tanambres. Sierra Gorda says ranches in Laredo and Revilla completely destroyed and such incidents sure to continue if precautions not taken. Suggests method to make campaigns and punishment more successful. says military organization is inefficient and suggests separation of comandancia general. Informs virrey of plans to take troops to Laredo. Virrey says he's unable to send inspector and requests relacion regarding condition of troops, uniforms, munitions, armaments and horses. Will send Gutierrez to inspect soon. Virrey disagrees with Gorda's suggestions saying the system works and reminds him to obey Ugarte's orders. Gorda informs virrey that several Indians killed in incident in Croix. As a result, Mariguanes request to stay peacefully in Llera mission. says mission in Liebana would accomodate Indians from Croix as proposed by Bucareli. Provides description of daily life in mission. Mentions grain and weekly meat rations. says these provisions not sufficient so better for those Indians to live in liberty. Virrey reminds Gorda of Galvez' instructions of 1786 and 1772 to guide his activities. says by law, funds must be obtained to maintain any group requesting peaceful hospice in mission. Gorda says difficult to follow instructions regarding proper treatment due to increased hostilities. (M. Dannemiller November 1988)

Concerns request for peace made by Lipan capitan to Munoz after suffering attacks in Coahuila and Texas. Lipanes pleased with agreement but inform Munoz of separate groups of Lipanes along border who will continue hostilities. Due to request, virrey orders release of several prisoners. Munoz accepts Canoso's gratitude for release. Virrey relates additional conditions of agreement and requests informe on whether Lipanes are living according to conditions. Virrey also says Ugarte to take trip beginning in Nueva Vizcaya to give instructions on best methods of defense and to encourage cultivation. Virrey notices that price of maiz is high due to drought. Munoz relates incidents of raids but says no large incursions have taken place. Informs virrey that Lipanes never returned to complete agreement instituting peace. Munoz includes requested informe regarding murder and theft in the area. says Ranchos are being deserted and resulting difficulties in moving cattle has forced him to temporarily prohibit their movement. says this destruction and hostility due to peace broken by Ugarte causing retribution by Indians. Munoz sends message to different tribes telling them not to trade with Apaches. Munoz sends Gutierrez to force Sas to meet with Ugarte to finally discuss peace. (M. Dannemiller, November 1988)

Correspondence between Areche and O Conor; O Conor requests permission to exterminate Lipanes and other Indians in region; Areche recounts laws and historical documents and justifications in favor of and against actions proposed to be taken against Sonoran tribes; religion and hostility are major factors. (D. J. McClelland, January 1988)

Documents concern the breaking of peace by the Indians, their banditry and assorted killings. Interrogation of witnesses concerning knowledge of the Indians, of their breaking of the peace, and their crimes is given. F. 189 contains a list of the four points asked of each witnesses. 12 witnesses' responses to these questions follow with accounts of Indian attacks, their stealing of horses, and killing of various soldiers. One soldier killed at Pasaje de Noche Buena, for example. Other documents concern the groupings of various Indian tribes (mesquites, Mulas, and other nations) in order to assault the Villa of Padilla. A description of the persecution of these wayward Indians by the Spaniards is given. Last, there is an account of how the Indians should be brought into mission life and given to agriculture. It is said that under previous peace treaties, the Indians had been brought into the missions, had been given instruction in the planting of maize Frijoles and other agricultural pursuits and had been pacified and converted to christianity. This is the goal again, now that this peace has been broken by these Indians. (P. Lenz, September 1989)

Concerns Series of documents on military affairs such as arrests, raids against Indians, peace treaties with Saraguaces, Indians survive gathering fruits; revision of financial status of provincias, campaigns against Indians who steal horses, notice that case against Puga and Murgier is about to finish (M. Marroquin, March 1989)

Very important document on instructions and rules for founding new missions, presidios and towns. Neve expresses need for equalization of salaries for same rank/position among military, religious and civil personnel. Document divided into titulos, transportation, accountability, rations; crops; horses, mules; craftsmen. II. - lists of officers at each mission, presidio; description of terrain, Indian settlements for planning defensive positions; military escorts to establishments at Santa Barbara channel; salaries of officers/soldiers at four sailers and craftsmen on blandra Pilar, lanchas Lauretana and San Juan hepomuceno. III. - clothing; canons. IV. - armour distribution, types, purposes and accountability of funds; procedures for filling vacancies; evaluations by service reports. Ix. - requires monthly status report of each company. X. - Indian treaties. Xi. -gubernatorial functions regarding (ff. 386-390). - details on selection/training of habilitados (paymasters); accountability to real hacienda, Naval/military superiors and settlers; F. 390 consists of inventory and production data of small animals, cattle, horses, mules. Xiv. Settlement and use of land; supplies; irrigation and crops; house construction; cattle; taxes; regulations re. Establishment and defense in Canal; optimum placement for defense and religious organization along frontier and Camino real. (J. M. Johnson, February 1989)

A Series of letters between Vaamonde and the virrey out an execution when in his area there was no official execution by using a Former Negro slave to perform the execution, orders for Vaamonde to travel to Punto de Lamparos, decree prohibiting Indians from leaving their homes unless they have necessary papers from district judge, parrish priest, or minister of documents, Vaamonde's deteriorating health during trip to Punto de lamparaos and subsequent rehabilitation in saltilo, compliance with an order to determine status of any peace initiatives with Indians of the area, the terms of any peace agreements and manner in which Indians have abided by said agreements, complying with order to make Nava inspector in addition to his current rank as comandante general and brigadier. (O. Velez, November 1988)