Series of letters from Arredondo to viceroy. Notes reception of news that rebels have captured Acapulco. Mostly concern peace treaty concluded with Tahuacanos of eastern Texas. Arredondo suggests that treaties should be signed with other groups, especially Comanches and Lipanes, in the interest of a more favorable economic climate. Notes that Indians arrived at peace talks with cheap gifts of baskets and reed sieves, reflecting poverty of Indians in area. Arredondo petitions for greater quotas of tobacco and beef for Texas for distribution among Indians as incentive for keeping peace. (A. Tukey, March 1989)

Letters discussing what to do with chaingang of Indians. Vague plans for what to do with Gilenos, Mezcaleros. Discusses reasons for decreasing meat ration to Bacoachi Apaches. Mentions treasury's accounts for other rations, corn, sugar, wheat, cigarrettes, etc. Ugarte speaks of need to be just toward Apaches while making treaty. With Chiricahuas opportunity for quick victory over all Indians was lost because Spanish skimped on treaty to save a few thousand pesos. Dare not repeat that mistake. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Letter speaks of a peace plan with Comanches, the first part a meeting of three Comanche captains with governor of Texas governor of Luisiana would like to know the particulars of this meeting and what and how much was given to the Comanches in the form of bribes or keepsakes, Ugalde wants to highlight the contradictions in this effort, mentions that they are the only remaining cannibalistic tribe, and cites information found in correspondence of governor of Texas to underline the violent nature of the Comanches and their history of being the most obstinate of the enemies of the Spanish, sees little hope in a peace plan with them, contrasts the character of the Comanches with that of the Apache Lipanes, group that most involves itself with the church, have fought against the Apache Mescaleros and thereby pleased the Spanish, Ugalde expresses concerns that peace with Comanches under very favorable terms will incite the jealousy of other tribes as well as a reexamination of their status, cites the lack of a mechanism to enforce compliance from Comanches as a drawback to proposed peace (Spanish have never entered Comanche territory to punish past hostilities for example). Feels that free transit of Comanches would be used to their benefit in further hostilities, thinks that verification of captives being held by Comanches should be part of the plan, accuses the makers of the plan of using trade provisions to enhance their own commerce and feels that a black market will be the result, questions the ability of enforcing compliance to a treaty provision that will have the Comanches establish their intertribal relations on the Basis of the ones followed by the Spanish, sees little motivation to expect the Comanches to declare themselves enemies of Apaches as treaty provides. Treaty will allow them to have their internal taxes, would like more intelligence of when Indian groups enter area near San Pedro for carneadas so Spanish can be prepared for unexpected occurrences, thinks that the alliance that would ensue between Lipanes and Mescaleros would create a force that would offset the untenable peace that will have been established with the Comanches, Ugalde mentions the progress he is making in the reduction of Mescaleros precisely because they are not Allied. In regard to provision that states that as long as Comanches are Allied with Spanish they will receive gratificaciones Ugalde argues that in the past those periods of greatest hostility with Comanches were usually preceeded by periods in which this transfer of goods was high. Mentions arms in this matter. In summing up Ugalde mentions law that forbids people to show Indians their trade and also forbids them to live in their houses with the penalty being 100 pesos or upon the discretion of virrey exile. Has questions about how to determine what faction of Comanches in the future will be committing the hostilities because of the size of the group and the varied interests that each group has. (O. Velez, October 1989)

Letters between Nava and virrey. Nava informs virrey that Lipanes de arriba are very cooperative in peace treaty; Lipanes de Abajo do not want peace. explains that de arriba habit of hunting Cibolo twice a year is cause of discord between bands. Apaches are poorly disciplined, unused to following one chief; lay of their land makes it difficult to anticipate attacks. Mentions attack by Mescaleros, supported by troop, against Comanches; conflict resolved. Texas gobernador preparing campaign against de Abajo Lipanes. Virrey orders Nava to maintain hatred between bands, keep them divided. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Nava informs virrey that he told Texas gobernador how to treat Lipanes de Arriba y de Abajo; of peace treaty signed by Nava and Arriba Lipanes on February 8, 1791 -- copies sent to gobernadores of Coahuila, Texas, Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Santander. Virrey asks Nava to consider how either to make peace with all Lipan bands or to make war to obligate them to request peace; king spends more than a million pesos defending provincias. Virrey orders Nava and Castro to discuss Indian situation, send him information to make decision. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Munoz informs Nava of Lipanes' wish to See brigadier, Nacodoches gobernador to tell them to prohibit sales of fusiles, Polvora, y balas to enemy nations of north; lists gifts Munoz gives Lipanes. Trevino and Santos inform Nava of what they saw visiting Lipanes. Virrey informs Nava that Castro is ready to take control of colonies; reminds that most important thing is peace with Indians. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Letters between Nava and virrey. Nava informs virrey of progress toward peace with Lipanes; relations between Lipanes and four northern nations; Indians' methods for obtaining goods stolen from Spanish for weapons from French or northern Indians. Virrey instructs Nava in Indian affairs; which tribes may be trusted or not; how to deal with Indians other than Capitancillos; suggests that Nava take advice from Ugalde. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Castro informs virrey continuously of progress in pacification of Indians; Toledo informs gobernador Emparan that several Indians requested peace at Riogrande presidio, offered to return eight hostages in exchange for Indian prisoners; virrey instructs to accept peace offer. Gutierrez gives virrey information concerning Santa Rosa incident of may 1, 2; Indians came for peace treaty, ended fighting. Report of dead, wounded in incident. Virrey gives opinion of facts to Castro, asks for full explanation of how 11 Indians could wreak such havoc. Emparan passes on to virrey Gutierrez's warning that Indians may take revenge, military should prepare to prevent attack. Virrey requests detailed report of successes in colony despite Indians. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Document characterizes Indian bands that have come down from Sierra de Tamaulipa and those that remain there as infieles, Amigos, y enemigos; indicates which groups have proposed peace or not. Vidal de Lorca offers to provide information on sites of Indian groups; informs virrey of peace proposals from Zaracuayes, Pasitas; has postponed action until comandante general (detained by Mescalero uprising in Santa Rosa) arrives. Vidal de Lorca is redistributing surplus cattle of Santa Barbara, Guemez missions to other missions and Indians. Indians under command of Benito have fled to Sierra de Tamaulipa after brawl with Santiago Indians at Croix mission. Indians suspected of killing a herder were caught, one of them asked to be baptized before being killed. Discusses Series of Indian attacks resulting in deaths of two from San Carlos. Culprits suspected as from San Christoval mission or under command of Noparan. (O. Velez, March, 1990)

Financial Cuentas de Paz y guerra in New Mexico from governor de la Concha for the year 1791. The expenses are broken down into months for payments to tailors for clothing for the Indians, for food and cigarettes, etc...as rations. Totals for 1791 are on ff. 341. The itemized and signed receipts appear on ff. 341-416. The activity accounts of Indians seeking food and clothing from cumancha, Navajo, Apaches Jicarilla and Apaches de Gila, Mimbres and Sierra Blanca. (E. Wilson, November 1989)