Edward L. Vail wrote a fifteen episode series for the Arizona Daily Star that was published February and March of 1922. The series was based on the diary he kept during the 1890 cattle drive from the Empire Ranch in Arizona to the Warner Ranch near San Diego, California. The cattle drive was undertaken due to the increased rates that the railroad was imposing. This ultimately resulted in the railroad restoring the old rates with the provision that the stockmen would not undertake any more cattle drives. This material was keyed in from the University of Arizona, Arizona Daily Star, microfilm.