Court case brought against Indian prisoner Gaspar; indication that other Indians including Pimas rebeldes may have been involved in robberies and murders of Spaniards. One testimonio contains identification of various Indians including physical description, marital status, residence, ethnic affiliation and type of dress. Spaniards referred to by Indians as Nacaries. (D. Uhlman, January 1988)

F.9 vague, nearly illegible letter from Carillos concerning difficulty of maintaining order in Santa Rosa. Ff.10-17 are reports on threat of Tobozos in Nayarit; mentions friendly Indians serving as bow and arrow soldiers. Mentions Alcaldes appointed to various towns for protection. Discusses general tactics for defense. F.12 mentions that Tobozos are Borrados -- pock-marked. (A. Dean, January 1990)

Correspondence between viceroy and Anza about overland expedition of later to open route to California from Sonora. Letters begin with Anza advising viceroy of recruiting of troops to substitute in presidio for men in expedition, his difficulties finding horses in area as Apaches had previously attacked presidio taking most horses. Anza purchases mules and leaves Tubac presidio January 1774 advising capitan Urrea and governor Crespo, obtaining as a guide capitan Yuma Tarabal, Anza goes to Altar presidio to buy horses. Anza worries about news of split between Yumas and crossing their lands. Anza lists 34 persons in expedition including frays Diaz and Garces. Anza encounters a Soyapa Indian who tells him of route and division of upper Colorado River; de Anza describes the physical stature of Yumas and mode of dress, also describes fertility of banks of Colorado and agricultural richness of area. Arrives at mission San Gabriel on April 1, 1774. Viceroy writes Anza with orders that if he encounters expedition coming from Loreto commanded by Moncada, they should together find best areas in San Francisco to construct two missions which will make it possible for more people to populate area. Anza returns to Tubac leaving Monterrey on April 22. Anza is transferred to presidio Terrenate and temporarily to Altar before he has sent an account of expedition to viceroy in Mexico City. In subsequent letters Anza relates meeting Junipero Serra sixty leagues before Monterrey in his return, also relates taking six soldiers from Monterrey with him to show them route to Rio Colorado and sending them back before leaving for Tubac, in subsequent letters Anza waits for many months before being ordered to travel to Mexico but cannot take trip before he pays amounts loaned from merchants to pay for expedition for which Anza request monies from viceroy. Viceroy writes de Anza consulting him based on personal explorations if route to New Mexico from Sonora and from New Mexico to Monterrey could be possible, de Anza relates based on experience and accounts by a Pima enslaved by people from New Mexico who escapes and crosses land in seven days. Anza calculates distance from Sonora to New Mexico 180 leagues and from Monterrey to New Mexico 368 leagues, advising if exploration should be taken it should start in September, earlier is too dry and later danger of snow is maximized. de Anza advises viceroy of danger crossing Apache lands and advises a person taking this expedition should know and understand territory and its people, de Anza offers himself as Head of this expedition to viceroy as best suited for the undertaking. Fray Garces comunicates with de Anza about his explorations in upper Colorado indicating encounter with Cocomaricopas and other people that dress, speak, and are similar physically to Apaches, fray Garces believes that a route thru Colorado River is possible to New Mexico based on accounts given him by new Indians he encountered. (A. Dell'acqua December 1987)

Correspondence between fray Fernandez and viceroy in which a detailed description of northern group of people who are excellent, disciplined and brave warriors are advancing toward Texas who make Apaches fear for their lives, fray Fernandez describes these people awe stressing the point that now is time to finish converting Apaches to christianism and then turn toward these people to convert them and bring them under crown, these people are called Comanches. Fray Fernandez compares Comanches with syrians. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

Two letters from Concha to Flores concerning various tribes of carries message from Sierra Blanca Apaches requesting peace negotiations. Concha seems well acquainted with individuals and general ethnography of several tribes, describes interactions with Faraones, others. Mention of Echeagary placing Chiricahuas in military company. Unsigned draft of letter to Concha restating atrocities of recent Apache raids, friendly Indians' mistrust for Apache advances. Letter from Ugarte y Loyola to Revilla Gigedo discussing above correspondence, mentions Equeracapa to visit Chihuahua to discuss last Comanche campaign against Apaches. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Report of Indians stealing mine products (exact mine and Mineral not given). Mentions Tarahumaras living in San Jose. Indication of preexisting animosity between Tarahumares and Apaches. Reports of Apaches chasing Tarahumares, Spaniards. Last document in this group describes in rich detail Apache ceromony, apparently a Rite of Passage for Young men, especially son of captain. Describes Apache dress, ornamentation, formal movements, prayers. Seems mostly objective observations. (A. Dean, March 1989)

Concerns different jurisdictions in province of Texas, settlers, governments and enemy Indian tribes in region; contains descriptions of fertility of presidio and mission lands in region; fairly extensive information on Indian populations and lands inhabited by them; also concerns Demesieres' campaign in north and broadening of frontier boundaries encroaching further on Indian lands (Tavoayases); problem of Indian hostilities in Coahuila province addressed and its relationship with residents of Louisiana trading with hostile Indians discussed; contains letters from Demesieres to Galvez describing his trip north with detailed descriptions of lands around Colorado, Trinidad, and Brazos rivers; includes descriptions of Indian tribes of region (friendly and hostile), dress, agriculture and in particular deals with Tuacanas and Tancagues; Mesieres suggests founding settlement of Spaniards and Tlaxcaltecas as key to northern regions to open possibilities for trade and to better deal with hostile tribes (Comanches and Osages) and also to impede any further expansion of English into area. (K. Hubin, June, 1990)

Vague letters generally describing interaction with Apaches. F.523 Aga comes to San Fernando to negotiate peace. F.524 description of physical, moral characteristics of Apaches as ultimate warriors. Locations of some bands of Mescaleros given (near Parras, Saltillo). (A. Dean, October 1989)

Documents concerning peace negotiations, conoso's band at Espiritu Santo; Pino Blanco's, Calbo's bands at San Antonio Bejar. F.361 mentions irreconciliable hatred between Lipanes and friendly Indians of north; suggests that if such hatred were encouraged Indians would be too busy with each other to bother Spanish, but general theme of letter is toward reconciliation, reduccion. F.364 mentions reduccion of Lipiyanes at Norte, Lipanes at Rio Colorado. F.365 has some physical description of Mescaleros. (A. Dean, October 1989)

Diary of Anza's second expedition to California in which Anza leads 30 soldiers and their respective families to Monterrey, and reconnoiters San Francisco bay area. Contains list of people making journey, supplies; population of Yuma Indians; descriptions of California Indians, etc. Also, observations and notes on various points on route; description and scale drawing of Casa Grande. (J. H. Ochs, October 1987).