Rodriguez Gallardo's deposition and remarks to informe written by visitor of Jesuit missions in Sonora. Issues discussed include consolidation of dispersed pueblos de indios; military escort for religious entradas into frontier areas; definition of indios vagantes; reasons for Pueblo desertion. Cites various articles from recopilacion de Leyes de las indias concerning reduction of Indians to mission life. author suggests that 2,000 pesos be sent to governor of Sinaloa to combat Apaches and that Barrancas of Sierra Madre be cleared of small Tarahumaran rancherias, and Indians gathered to be settled in larger pueblos. Also discussed are issues of election of Indian civic officials, regional officials to oversee Indian communities, Indian labor at missions, and punishment of mission Indians. Included is definition of siembras de comunidad versus siembras de Iglesia; number of Indians needed for a Pueblo to be legally recognized. Also, suggestions concerning land tenancy, education and repartimiento system in Sonora. (J. H. Ochs, November 1987)

Includes 3 unrelated expedientes, numeros 19-21. Numero 19 concerns attack by Meco Indians on Rancheria Martinez; Serrada recounts ordeal, telling of horses killed by arrows or stolen; he has taken several Indians prisoner, awaits word on punishment or place of imprisonment; told to send those guilty of previous crimes to Havana, others to Castillo Ulua; Galves outlines plan for sending adult Indians to Castillo to learn Christian doctrine and to prevent further 'deserciones'; other Indians 'remitidos' to various Villas, possibly to help in tobacco harvest. In 20, Serna regrets that he is unable to assume appointment as 'teniente' in company of Nuevo Leon due to health and other factors. In 21, comerciante Fernandez outlines glorious potential of maritime trade between Veracruz and Nuevo Santander, arguing that salt, plomo, Carne, Lana, other necessary goods could be more easily and cost efficiently traded by sea than land, if government tax and other policies were to encourage, not discourage, maritime entrepreneurs; fiscales promptly denounce Fernandez's 'representacion,' stating that 'no tiene Cosa substancial.' (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Documents concern two colleras of Indians that leave from Tamaulipa and Altamira. Pobladores are interrogated about the Indians. Indians are said to be war-like and to have committed many crimes and robberies. The killing of two fishermen and the stealing of horses and cows are committed by said Indians. Indians promote war against mission. They unite and form a confederation against the mission. F.432 contains message from governor Echeagaray with instructions to divide up the Indians of the two colleras and to put them to work in the fields or in Casas honorables. Governor's encouragement of pacification of Indians. In other documents the militia's trouble in pursuing Indians due to lack of food and resources is given. Apaches are said to cause the most damage to these militias. Indians are pacified and sent to Queretero by conde de Sierra Gorda. There they are to be divided and set to work in accordance with Echeagaray's instructions. F. 431 gives list of Mecos. F. 446-447 gives lists of Mecos and Parbulos, including those married and baptized. F. 454-456 gives names and marriages and baptisms of various other Indians. (P. Lenz, September 1989)

Correspondence from Mariscal de Campo to Croix concerning 'visitas' to various towns and business attended to therein, such as collection of taxes; several brief letters stating that visita had gone well, no details included; others concerning how Mariscal dealt with murder of Indian; regarding treatment of Indians at certain missions, importance of spiritual training, conversion to and marriage of Indians according to Christian faith, 'repartimiento' of clothing among Indians; concerning Mariscal's organization of compania volante and associated squadrons, appeals for financing from real hacienda, nomination of suitable officers, relacion indicating structure, salaries, 'destinos' of compania once officially formed; regarding visitas to all squadrons of province, requests for adjustments to captains' salaries; discussing problems incurred in navigating certain rivers due to winds, tidal shifts, effects on local economy, Mariscal incorporates information on issue collected from 'peritos'; concerning granting of permission to foreign vessels to dock at ports; regarding discovery of new passages in old mines, statement of ownership and description of deposits. (L. Kerr, October 1988)

Correspondence concerning observations made by Mariscal de Campo while visiting Villas in Nuevo Santander; comments on mines inspected in Tamaulipa, recommendations for various modifications in mining procedures and policies; Mariscal informs of illegally imported tobacco confiscated by his men; describes state of hacienda de Dolores where Indians receive little religious education, stresses need for such influence as well as for proper protection of Indians by all missions; itemizes taxes and other money collected at each town for real hacienda; Mariscal's companion in charge of 'repartimiento'; both men involved in selection of gobernador Interino. (L. Kerr, October 1988)

Includes list of 'Socorros' given to sargentos stationed at destacamentos where Indian attacks frequent; signed 'repartimientos' explaining how money from governor shared among Indians employed by squadrons (Indians named); rolls of troops at various destacamentos at end of 1775 and beginning of 1776, including signed statements from justicias of towns to which squadrons assigned affirming that troops indeed present; account summary for 1775, itemizing costs of clothing, weapons, salaries, other expenditures; signed confirmation from frays and soldiers that soldiers receiving monthly salaries from missions at which employed. (L. Kerr, October 1988)

Correspondence includes following topics: laws, duties, and salaries of intendente and gobernador; reduccion, education and water rights of Indians; quintos and transportation of gold from Cieneguilla; relations between mine owners and buyers of ore; suspension of repartimiento. (J. Johnson, February 1988)

Letter from fray Gonzalez to virrey concerning repartimiento of Indians in Rio Yaqui area. Complains that this process is the main obstacle to evangelization efforts of missions in Sonora. Notes that forcing Indians to work in mines away from home Villa promotes adulterous behavior, and thus petitions that marriage documents should be brought to work in mines. Complains that Indians cannot support their families because they are not paid for travel time to the mines, which can exceed a month. Also complains that time worked in mines disrupts work in fields, thus leaving Indians unable to pay tribute to church. (A. Tukey, August 1989)

Report made up of group of letters concerning vagrancy problems on northern frontier; includes notes on Indian attacks; need for Indian labor in mines and haciendas; payment to Indians in Inferior goods; use of Penal labor; reluctance of some Indians to work as day-laborers; visit of Galvez; legal actions of Galvez, Corbalan and others on pay; Croix's inspection; raids on various settlements; types of labor involving Indians (charcoal making; cultivation; Adobe making; mine drain construction; firewood and lumber cutting; livestock tending; Mule train servants; ore processing; and various mechanical arts); dangerous alliance of local Indians with Apaches; economic crisis that results from lack of sufficient Indian labor; problem of local Indian community demands on labor force; limited value of Indians in mines; seasonality of Indian labor demands; role of mulatos in mines; fugitive Yaquis in mining towns; ff. 348-355 includes copy of points 5-10 of Neve's general report of 1783; he finds explanation of rise in banditry in unfair use of forced Indian labor; he sets limitations on coroporal punishment in mission settlements (for example - six lashes for missing mass); he considers other matters involving civil justice; notes many of bandit's crimes falsely attributed to Apaches; use of presidio labor in new presidio constructions; ff 357-361 - Ugarte grants various rights to Indians of Pueblo of Santa Maria (4 December, 1787); this includes coverage of forced labor; payment in goods and cash; reviews earlier Indian labor policy; describes poverty and hunger of Indian day laborers; lack of spiritual guidance; locations of labor; character of culture change; importance of cheap Indian labor to economy, and failure of administrators to solve problems of Indian abuse become clear in this report. (J. Williams, may 1987)

Gallardo describes problems relating to Yaquis in Valle de San Buenaventura and other military/administrative concerns of province; reflects on bishop Tamaron's letter on similar topics; notes importance, aptitude of Yaquis for mining (whom he praises); describes original settlements of Yaquis; their farming; climate of their lands; seasonal interest in work; he praises their industrious efforts; he stresses Spain should be fair to this important ethnic minority; comments on extreme acculturation of Yaquis; their knowledge of Spanish; his earlier visit to their country; possible new missions on Colorado and Gila; economic woes of mining industry produced by lack of operators; much on Indian labor in province; contrasts patterns of Indian labor used in Provincias Internas with other regions of empire; proposes that certain aspects of other regional policies be adopted. (J. Williams, may 1987) adopted. (J. Williams, may 1987)