Concerns relations with Indians and infractions of peace agreements. says Apaches have acquired valuable knowledge and advantages possible only during peace yet do not practice peace. Move north or request peace. Ugalde requests permission to meet with translator, follow moving Indians and remedy present conditions. says Ugarte should imprison all denying peace at present since campaign difficult to initiate due to drought. says Texas can't provide cattle or horses to campaign and many dying from lack of water and grazing land. says this campaign to ensure compliance should not extend to Nueva Vizcaya where peace should not be offered. Virrey says campaign should begin soon after end of drought and warns Ugalde that Indians accepting peace should not be punished. Ugalde provides description of campaign and information on type and number of troops employed. Contains troop inventory and important campaign notes. Ugalde hoping for well-deserved promotion to brigadier based on mentioned accomplishments. Contains lengthy summary of merits and services of Ugalde, his Father and grandfather including family and military history in both new and old world. Includes participation in military events, appointments and mention of previous superiors. Virrey sends resume to king for response. Virrey approves Ugalde's temporary appointments. He delegated command of four provincias del oriente to Gutierrez and placed Echeagaray as inspector, men he highly praises. (M. Dannemiller, February 1989)

Concerns Fages arrival in San Diego to establish missions. Lists provisions brought from Monterrey. Fages request more. Describes desertion of eight soldiers who took large portions of provisions, their return and second desertion with mules and horses. Lists number of soldiers and horses on peninsula. Fages writes to relate activities in the area. (M. Dannemiller, March 1988)

Concerns problems between Paterna and teniente regarding mules and provisions and who retains responsibility to take them. The teniente refuses to give Paterna sufficient mules. Paterna needs Indians to grind corn. Requests Palou to require governor to send more provisions and relocate more Indians to mission. (M. Dannemiller, March 1988)

Guifas wrote several letters to the viceroy complaining of Younger officers being promoted over him. Francisco Lazaya promoted to second alfarez. Guifas describes in detail the military careers of his Father, Jose Manuel Guifas, and his Brother. Guifas' Father was a leader in the conquest of Nueva Tamaulipas. Two sargents, with less experience, were promoted over Guifas. Guifas threatened to retire if no action was taken. Guifas wrote of same problems to gobernador Diego Savaga. Viceroy sends letter recommending that Guifas receive the next available promotion. Letters from fellow officers stating Guifas unworthy of promotion. Guifas writes several letters to viceroy explaining his recent illness. Detailed physical description of Guifas. Testimony from Manuel lornos concerning military conduct of Guifas and fellow soldiers. Guifas received bloodletting treatment for his illness. Guifas' captain Mungier reported that Guifas had stolen military livestock. Guifas suspicious that his captain and wife are having a liaison. Guifas wrote letter to viceroy accusing the captain of misconduct and denied the charges of extortion. Guifas wrote that captain had conspired to kill him. Guifas blinded due to illness. Wrote requesting overdue promotion and disability due to blindness. Requested permission to go to Mexico to be cured of illness. Wrote concerning financial problems. Guifas inherited land and five slaves upon mothers death. Juan de Sosaya gained control of Guifas' land. Land planted in Maguey. Sosaya producing Mezcal and selling for 20 pesos per barrel. Guifas wanted action taken to regain control of land. (K. Mccaston, September 1989)

Includes two informes in which gobernador describes to virrey chronological unfolding of Series of attacks by Aracates, Mesquites, others, on rancherias and villages of Sierra; number and location of Indians, 'pobladores,' soldiers killed given, as well as numbers of mules, horses stolen; 150 soldiers and 15 Indian auxiliaries to scour Sierra 'hasta no dejar indio en ella'; battles continue; 'piquete' of 15 soldiers captures 4 Indian men, Indian woman, child, who claim to be peaceful, escape after led to Soto la Marina; days earlier 2 unarmed 'vaqueros' killed, horses taken. In second letter, gobernador mountain pass in order to block Indians' retreat; plan somewhat effective, as more Indians killed, 'collera' of 38 taken to San Luis Potosi; supposedly peaceful Mesquites and mulatos apparently responsible for the large and Volatile Indian gathering in Sierra, also for death of pastor and several horse thefts. With Indians run out of Sierra, gobernador feels time right to begin construction of road into area. Argues also that some villages repeatedly attacked by Apaches because residents do not know how to respond or defend selves; solution lies in uniting 'pobladores', teaching them how to protect family and possessions, then fighting 'con Teson.' (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Includes several 'comprobantes' of 'autos' in which witnesses testify about accepting bribes (cohechos) or tell of others who have accepted bribes from Vaamonde; first 'comprobante' deals with allegations that Ugalde's company so in need of mules in 1792, due to drought, that Vaamonde traded 'tenientazgo' for thirty Head; second deals with allegations that Vaamonde bribed judge in case dealing with man who cut another's hand; in lengthy, detailed rebuttal (30 folios), Vaamonde responds to each of 17 charges of malfeasance, arguing that some actions misinterpreted, most allegations without justification. No final decision on Vaamonde's fate given. (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Summary of testimonies about Escandon's record in completing orders to pacify and reduce Indians and settle Nuevo Santander by officers and settlers and their charges against him. Funds spent, mistreatment of Indians, assassination of 5 capitans, use of Indians to work Escandon's land, build his Palace, and increase his wealth. Real cedula ordering pacification of Nuevo Santander delayed in its completion. Activities of Escandon include use of military funds, Indians reduction, founding of 14 settlements with population count of number and families and troops in each (f.8); plus 6 more settlements founded which were not in original budget of 115,000p. Complaint of not achieving increased agricultural production in spite of having fertile land, water; availability of minerals and salt. History of Escandon's earlier military record, reopening of missions. Problems resulting from drought. Espenses of military salaries and sinodos to missionaries. Annual costs in pacification process. Cost of settling 15 families from canary islands in Texas (ff.17). Organization of troops and distribution among settlements; distribution of lands. Difficulty of defending property under Indian hostilities. Complaint that Escandon's soldiers instead of gathering Indians together killed them inhumanely when they asked for peace. Murder by capitan trasieria and soldiers of slave and silversmith not punished or investigated by Escandon; Escandon named capitans and paid them salaries of 500p. (ff.33). Alvares' attempts at populating Rio Verde, movement of people, costs, problems with hostile Indians, mosquito plague (ff.56) order not to let Laredo capitan admit Apaches even though they offered peace (ff.57). Escandon prohibited commerce; payed soldiers in goods. Mining of silver without paying royal fifth (ff.63). Escandon has made few or no reducciones since 1746. List of 9 places on coast where Escandon says he has reduced total of 1,258 Indians and gives names of ethnic groups and number baptised in each location (ff.64). Service record of Escandon since he began service in Yucatan, distinguished service in Sierra Gorda as sargento mayor, teniente until 1746 (ff.68). Provides total inventory of livestock in 20 settlements. Movement of Escandon (Villa), Reynosa, and Burgos settlers to new Parajes (nuezes, Tetillas, Encinos). Molina reinstated as capitan; Barbara Resendi's complaints against Escandon (ff.83)(ff125). Charges against fray Garcia as being hipocrite receiving double salary (ff.91) description of reason for failure of mission for Cocos in San Saba due to murder of missionaries (ff.112). Apaches do not want to be reduced, only want peace and commerce with Spanish (ff.113). Even when they offer peace, Escandon gives them motives to be insolent. Murder at Rancheria of smallpox infected and other Indians by capitan went unpunished (ff.120). Massacre of Janambres on road to Horcasitas (ff 121). Paz not punished for murder of Indians (ff.122). Guevarra's murder of reduced Indians of mission of Santander unpunished. Cordova's mistreatment of Indians in Rio Frio (ff.124). Use of Indians Sihui, janambre as work force, Indian death due to hard labor (ff.125). Attempt to reduce Pames threatening to drive them to the coast. Indians paid 4p month plus rations for corn growing and also grew their own crops (ff.131). Escandon allowed people exemption from debts in order to populate settlements. Escandon's appointing as capitans convicted murder. Escandon refused to release Sanches Borriego who was involved in riot of Coahuila to Serma. Two destructions of Pizones' church in Santa Rossa and Taumave missions. Taking of Indian lands to give to Carmelita priests for 10 years. No payment of Diezmos for farmland; Diezmos payments of hollas, Mier, and Revilla. Escandon nor captain Vasques Borrego payed Diezmos for their large cattle haciendas. Gives cost of campaign against Indians of north and Apaches who attacked Taguacanas. Defense of Escandon's choice of capitans and families to populate settlement in that it is difficult to find cultivated people like those from the capital--they must come from the provinces. Description of Tanambre November 1754 destruction of mission Ruvoroso near Escandon; only 4 escaped including missionary. Complaint of Tanambres robbing, Murdering. Escandon captured tamambre rebles and sent them to Querataro prison. Tamambres and Tonases sent to Querataro as labors, servants and for convents. Marcos Molino's case in which he worked for Hidalgo for 15 years without payment. (ff.163) use of hard labor as punishment as well as death sentence. (L. L. Woodward, November 1988)

Detailed accounts of Apache, Taraumara and Mezcalero depredations around Durango oct-December 1788. Mostly copies of military reports from regional officials to Diaz de Hortega. Reports livestock thefts of burros, horses, mules, cattle and oxen, wasteful killing of livestock, maize seed and harvest theft (numerous times), general theft, highway assaults, murders of men, women, children, kidnappings, and flayings. Specific account of Indians who stole clothes from bathing women and later wounded or killed the women. Precise casualty and damage statistics in narrative form. Cites depressed mine commerce and Vecino hacienda abandonment as results of depredations. Repreated complaints about Vecino abandonment; observation made that abandonment encourages more attacks which in turn force abandonment. Virrey Flores responds, agreeing that Vecino abandonment fuels further depredations, but declares that without Vecino defense support, merely increasing military force will not reduce Indian incursions. Virrey encourages use of auxiliaries and vecinos for defense. Brief mention of Indian battle tactic wherein Indians outflank Spanish and then attack. (S. Gibbs, February 1988)

(S. Gibbs, February 1988)