Concern expressed by Moreno that housing expensive and food short as it is eaten by horses; Mendinueta recommends seed be made available at low price so soldiers do not desert; Wall of cavalry quarters in ruins, soldiers uncomfortable, horses damaged; discussion of (high) price of corn in region; price for corn gone from four to nine pesos per carga because of lack of rain; desertions continue as troops unhappy; soldier in Hospital incurring costs; haciendas asked for grain; baker stops making bread for regimento for lack of wheat; 25,000 pesos already given over from real Caxa of Durango; request that either horses be moved out to pastures away from the city, or 500 fanegas of corn be made available so corn is left for people in city; request for virrey to support Coronel in forcing Hacendados to keep prices low; testimony of Hacendados concerning their (lack of) grain; argument between Moreno and virrey concerning establishment of blame for shortages; certification that corn once selling for 4 pesos per carga now selling for 12 to 15 pesos per carga; lack of housing seen as resulting from increased number of shops; request for 12,000 to 14,000 pesos from real hacienda; Hacendado records the augmentation of 50 on his ranch because of lack of rain in other areas; bishop points out danger of leaving horses on haciendas outside city because of wild Indians; regimento is packed up for Querataro; royal decree that regimento retreat from Durango; regimento withdrawn from Durango for lack of grain; very repetitive; many copies. (p. Coyle November 1989)

Correspondence in which Emparan informs virrey of poor relations with Indians of province, deteriorating further due to drought and famine in region; Indians stealing, killing horses, cattle, sheep from Ranchos, haciendas and presidios, also killing, taking hostage civilians and military personnel; 2 'estados' listing occurrences of Indian attacks, numbers of men, women, children, domestic animals killed or taken (folios 192, 209-211); in discussing dilemmas, Emparan tells virrey 'mi Pluma Es mui devil para pintar lo que padese Mi Espiritu,' drought so severe that often residents have only Mescal to consume, that Indian incursions endanger farmers proceeding with cultivation of corn, other crops, additionally burdening area's food supply; Emparan assembles troop to search out, kill Indians responsible, appoints interim governor; limited success, incursions continue, Young Boy escapes from Indians, identifies leaders for Emparan (continued in following folios). (L. Kerr, February 1989)

Barrutia and Rivera communicate with virrey concerning drought in Nueva Vizcaya and resulting Indian hostilities; solutions to problems with Indians discussed ultimately concluding with need for elimination; salaries of and number of soldiers needed in presidios debated; various Indian and Spanish atrocities recounted in general manner to illustrate need for decisive offensive action against Indians; question of number of presidios worth maintaining in region discussed; eventual orders issued by virrey concerning above. (D. J. McClelland, January , 1988)

(See preceeding folios for more details of issue.) Ximenez, Pison Indian from area of Ygollo mission, lodges complaints against fathers, alleging poor administration of mission, inventory of items at Escandon, other missions, from livestock to kitchen utensils, also expenditures to people of area for items and services purchased from them; testimony regarding accuracy of inventory and Cuenta; testimony regarding 86 Bueyes at mission that died; regarding alleged Meco cattle raid; 1766 decreto regarding rules of mission administration (b33-34); letter from frayes of Ygollo mission (3-22-1778) concerning persecution suffered at hands of Indians, climate (b35-36); letter from Father Ordonez criticizing frayes' defense, that Religiosos trying to escape doctrinal, instructional obligations; issue discussed into late 1780s. (L. Kerr, August 1989)

Documents address same issue as in sequence 2, allegations of mistreatment of Pisones; defense offered by missionaries, arguing that severe drought conditions made difficult proper care of Indians. Includes 'cuenta' of expenditures from mission Ygollo to various individuals for services, activities, goods (folios a53-68). Copy of inventory of goods at Ygollo and Escandon, 12-22-76 (folios b1-17), from religious paraphernalia to livestock; weight and content of 'copas', 'platos' etc. Given. Folios b17-22 include testimony of residents in Escandon area concerning burning of Santa Barbara mission (later rebuilt and renamed Escandon) in 1753 by Tanambres, during which padre, captain killed; also includes further inventory of Escandon items. (L. Kerr, August 1989)

Includes several 'comprobantes' of 'autos' in which witnesses testify about accepting bribes (cohechos) or tell of others who have accepted bribes from Vaamonde; first 'comprobante' deals with allegations that Ugalde's company so in need of mules in 1792, due to drought, that Vaamonde traded 'tenientazgo' for thirty Head; second deals with allegations that Vaamonde bribed judge in case dealing with man who cut another's hand; in lengthy, detailed rebuttal (30 folios), Vaamonde responds to each of 17 charges of malfeasance, arguing that some actions misinterpreted, most allegations without justification. No final decision on Vaamonde's fate given. (L. Kerr, June 1989)

Summary of testimonies about Escandon's record in completing orders to pacify and reduce Indians and settle Nuevo Santander by officers and settlers and their charges against him. Funds spent, mistreatment of Indians, assassination of 5 capitans, use of Indians to work Escandon's land, build his Palace, and increase his wealth. Real cedula ordering pacification of Nuevo Santander delayed in its completion. Activities of Escandon include use of military funds, Indians reduction, founding of 14 settlements with population count of number and families and troops in each (f.8); plus 6 more settlements founded which were not in original budget of 115,000p. Complaint of not achieving increased agricultural production in spite of having fertile land, water; availability of minerals and salt. History of Escandon's earlier military record, reopening of missions. Problems resulting from drought. Espenses of military salaries and sinodos to missionaries. Annual costs in pacification process. Cost of settling 15 families from canary islands in Texas (ff.17). Organization of troops and distribution among settlements; distribution of lands. Difficulty of defending property under Indian hostilities. Complaint that Escandon's soldiers instead of gathering Indians together killed them inhumanely when they asked for peace. Murder by capitan trasieria and soldiers of slave and silversmith not punished or investigated by Escandon; Escandon named capitans and paid them salaries of 500p. (ff.33). Alvares' attempts at populating Rio Verde, movement of people, costs, problems with hostile Indians, mosquito plague (ff.56) order not to let Laredo capitan admit Apaches even though they offered peace (ff.57). Escandon prohibited commerce; payed soldiers in goods. Mining of silver without paying royal fifth (ff.63). Escandon has made few or no reducciones since 1746. List of 9 places on coast where Escandon says he has reduced total of 1,258 Indians and gives names of ethnic groups and number baptised in each location (ff.64). Service record of Escandon since he began service in Yucatan, distinguished service in Sierra Gorda as sargento mayor, teniente until 1746 (ff.68). Provides total inventory of livestock in 20 settlements. Movement of Escandon (Villa), Reynosa, and Burgos settlers to new Parajes (nuezes, Tetillas, Encinos). Molina reinstated as capitan; Barbara Resendi's complaints against Escandon (ff.83)(ff125). Charges against fray Garcia as being hipocrite receiving double salary (ff.91) description of reason for failure of mission for Cocos in San Saba due to murder of missionaries (ff.112). Apaches do not want to be reduced, only want peace and commerce with Spanish (ff.113). Even when they offer peace, Escandon gives them motives to be insolent. Murder at Rancheria of smallpox infected and other Indians by capitan went unpunished (ff.120). Massacre of Janambres on road to Horcasitas (ff 121). Paz not punished for murder of Indians (ff.122). Guevarra's murder of reduced Indians of mission of Santander unpunished. Cordova's mistreatment of Indians in Rio Frio (ff.124). Use of Indians Sihui, janambre as work force, Indian death due to hard labor (ff.125). Attempt to reduce Pames threatening to drive them to the coast. Indians paid 4p month plus rations for corn growing and also grew their own crops (ff.131). Escandon allowed people exemption from debts in order to populate settlements. Escandon's appointing as capitans convicted murder. Escandon refused to release Sanches Borriego who was involved in riot of Coahuila to Serma. Two destructions of Pizones' church in Santa Rossa and Taumave missions. Taking of Indian lands to give to Carmelita priests for 10 years. No payment of Diezmos for farmland; Diezmos payments of hollas, Mier, and Revilla. Escandon nor captain Vasques Borrego payed Diezmos for their large cattle haciendas. Gives cost of campaign against Indians of north and Apaches who attacked Taguacanas. Defense of Escandon's choice of capitans and families to populate settlement in that it is difficult to find cultivated people like those from the capital--they must come from the provinces. Description of Tanambre November 1754 destruction of mission Ruvoroso near Escandon; only 4 escaped including missionary. Complaint of Tanambres robbing, Murdering. Escandon captured tamambre rebles and sent them to Querataro prison. Tamambres and Tonases sent to Querataro as labors, servants and for convents. Marcos Molino's case in which he worked for Hidalgo for 15 years without payment. (ff.163) use of hard labor as punishment as well as death sentence. (L. L. Woodward, November 1988)

Extracts from Loyola's general report Mar-December 1788 including military reports from subordinates in New Mexico, N. Vizcaya, Sonora. Includes campaign diary of Romero and Echeagaray in Sonora (mar-apr). Mentions Opatas inclusion in military force. from Bavispe. Table summarizes battle statistics by region and Indian group. Campaign diary of Elquezabal jun-July 1788 near Norte. Table shows organization of force into companies, lists officers and company size. Drought forces dispersal of troops, ends campaign. Loyola documents movement of Sonoran troops in mountains Sacramento and San Francisco, relates Apache Gileno and Taraumara thefts, murders, attacks, Mule train assaults. Encloses copy Martinez' report from Chihuahua, details Spanish attacks, prisoner taking, beast confiscation from Indians. Brief mention of lesson learned from Chiricagui campaign of mentions plan to join forces with Echeagaray to make mountain campaign. Ugarte y Loyola also reports impossibility of stopping attacks, because Indians attack small defenseless parties (eg woodcutters) elaborates on Indian murders, beast killings, thefts by Apaches Mescaleros in Nueva Vizcaya, summarizes Indian damages by province, Indian group, type of depredation and number hurt. Submits report of Ortega's October 1788 campaign in Sierra Escondida against Apaches. Details tracking and persecution, Spanish custom of decapitating enemy corpses for trophy heads. Relates depredations in San Juan Baptista del Rio, reports use of companias volantes against Apaches Mescaleros. Remarks that because Ugalde's eastern campaign is tying up so many troops, western campaign is forced to make smaller forays. Ugarte y Loyola augments force at Pueblo del Gallo, mentions Taraumara hostilities in Cianori. Martinez report from Sacramento mountains outlines force organization in table, gives daily report, detailing route taken and tracking activities, names officers, tallies weight of supplies carried by each company, mentions use of Opatas in force, notes custom of turning in Indian ears as battle trophies, laments paucity of pasture and water due to drought. Includes table of wounded and sick. Medina reports Indian attacks on sheperds near Mapimi (August 1788). Latter folios concern Echeagaray's forays with presidial troops from Santa Cruz against Apaches, Gilenos, Mimbrenos, and yutaquenos. Mentions Mescal as sustenance, and use of Apache and Opata auxiliaries. Details route taken, use of women (Indian ?) As guides. Tables summarize battle statistics and list Apache inhabitants of Bacoachic. (S. Gibbs, March 1988)

Concerns administrative correspondence dealing with appointment of commander for Nayarit, Canaveral gives notice of his illness to the viceroy, notice of Bando sent to Xalapa regulating merchants, notice of charges brought against Indians for workshiping idols, beds and uniforms are requested for troops, advancement of salaries requested to buy food for presidio's troops, notice that prices of salt and other staple foods have been raised due to low rainfall, Alberni gives notice that visitas to missions have been postponed due to his illness. (M. Marroquin, April 1989)

Concerns remittance of military lists, monthly military logbook to Ugalde. Concerns transportation of horses (place not specified); due to lack of water, Ramon tells Ugalde most of horses are dying. Concerns horses stolen by Indians Mezcaleros. (R.Gomez, July 1989)