Croix defends approach to administering missions in Sonora, arguing that missions and missionaries receive sufficient funds, are not suffering as purported. Contends missionaries should not expect Indians to cultivate land because climate does not support activity, and Indians accustomed to fishing, gathering yerbas y raizes. states that while missionaries have not received everything requested, certainly have not been ignored in manner conveyed by Prestamero (See ff 63-100). Croix cites cedulas, particularly that of 8-5-73, as precedent for present decisions. Criticizes missionaries' punishing of Indians for not attending rosario, Misa y doctrina, for getting drunk, refusing to work en los Bienes de la comunidad que Se llaman temporalidades, and for leaving village sin expresa licencia de Sus padres ministros. fiscal declares Croix has satisfied Prestamero's complaints perfectamente (Oficio summarizes issue, provides some background, folios 121-123.), that law of 8-5-73 not meant to discriminate against Franciscanos, and missionaries should not enforce abovementioned rules so that Indians no imaginen Pesado el suabe yugo de cristianismo. (L. Kerr, April 1989)

Concha states that Mimbrenos, Gilenos, Apaches, Faraones, Navajos, Yutas and Cumanches are present in New Mexico --the latter two being numerous and strong. Provincia composed of 8 jurisdictions. Reports that town Indians are applied workers that cultivate carefully their lands, selling part of their crops, and dressing selves with fabricated textiles. Indians reported to enjoy a comfort greater than in anywhere in the two Americas. Indians also credited as robust and agile in war. Notes that Spanish population, much more numerous, is equally dedicated to agriculture and care of livestock. Women weave cotton and wool skillfully. Notes snowy Weather conditions. Provincias, use of bartering and coins called pesos de la tierra. Reports that residents and Indians are very obedient in military campaigns; however, they are not richly provided for. Indians lack instruction from missions while Spanish have little. Description of makeup and excellent quality of troops in provincia. Notes advantages of alliance with Cumanches, Nabajoes, Yutas to unite against common Apache enemy. Geographic and military plans of two summer campaigns which utilize Allied Indian nations. (J. Hiller, may 1989)

Report by Escandon of foundation of mission at Tancoiol, naming ff 108-109. Escandon also visits Cadereyta and Tilaco mission; provides description of 4 companies of troops and discussion of need for more troops to capture fugitive mocos jonases, as well as need for more religious personnel. Description of mission structures; provides names of Pame Meco officials and census of ignorance of Christian teachings, also example of polygamy among Indians. Establishment of San Miguel de Conca and Santa Maria de Agua de Landa misions for Mecos, describes natural resources and division of land to Indians for corn production. Ff 126-127 census of Mecos Pames from Santa Maria de Agua de Landa divided by rancherias. Establishment of San Miguel Conca mission by Escandon with help of Fernandez de la Rama, Romero, and Peruzquia; includes description of surroundings and crops, naming of civil officials, census of Mecos Pames ff. 132-136, 138-139, and list of fugitives from mission. (L. L. Woodward, September 1989)

Letters, autos, from Escandon for virrey concerning Indian rebels and their crimes. Indians sent by Cordillera from village to village. Some sent to Father Zuzuarregui, others to public jail in Mexico. Letters for Escandon from Olibes and Huastecos Indians requesting land near Rio tamattan as land assigned them is infertile. Escandon agrees, notifies virrey. (D. Bautista, April 1990)

Concerns Corbalan's order to Dorronzoro to quickly build up the cequia (a place from water can be obtained from). The cequia is going to be used to supply water for el Pitic, and for the Seris in their agricultural tasks. Corbalan's letters to Dorronzoro, Sastre and others emphasizing the convenience of giving arable lands to the Seris in order for them to work. Concerns construction of a church at el Pitic for Seris Indians, and reedification of the church which already exists at Zuaqui for the Sibubapas Indians. (R. Gomez, November 1989)

Oficio from junta de real hacienda discussing following four reconstruction of church in Pitic for Seris; construction of churches in Churray and Suaqui for Sibubapas; reestablishment of pearl fishing off coasts of Tepoca and Californias. Description of construction details and costs of building Canal and churches. Decision made to maintain existing Canal as well as possible; build churches; rent out pearl fishing areas. (D. Uhlman, February 1988)

Correspondence from fray Fernandez to viceroy in regard to capitan Baztherra of Bahia presidio for lack of cooperation in protection of mission contrary to custom of sending three soldiers for guard duty. Fray Fernandez also includes what he believes should be procedures to follow in regard to protection of missions. (A. Dell'acqua, January 1988)

Granados rants again about turning ferocious Seris from wolves into lambs, teaching them art of humanity, creating incorruptible Christian society, asks for musical instruments to polish of their civility. Asks also that land, livestock be granted Seris. Treasury approves giving parcels of irrigated land, quibbles over cost of other request, approves land grants for Bacoachi Apaches. Martinez writes list of purchases made with money allocated by Revilla Gigedo. Mention of chahuis epidemic that destroys bean, wheat crops before ripening. Mention of selection of auxiliaries, arrival of six Tiburones. Much ado about lack of musical instruments; finally Ugarte y Loyola buys and sends some. (A. Dean, may, 1989)

Francisco and six families of Seris returned to Pitic on August 30, looking very hungry. Speaks of rations of grain, meat. Mentions agreement made when Seris first conceded peace in 1784. Tiburones, Tepocas embracing christianity, should be used as examples for Seris. Discussion of process for religious education for Young, older Indians. Lists Seris in reduccion, amount of grain each receives weekly Chepillo declared guilty (charge unclear) by entire Seri nation, is to be deported. Speaks of purchase of livestock for Seris. (A. Dean, may 1989)

Concerns need to find missionary who has same zeal for conversion as Granados for Bacoachi Apaches. Suggests using some of religious paraphernalia meant for Seris to supply Apaches. Need for support for establishment of mission at Bacoachi. Wants money from treasury to get tools to teach agriculture (with ploughs) to Indians. Granados tells that Jacinto, Chacho asked him personally for minister for all Apaches there; mention of petition to same effect. Pau reports there isn't enough money in religious funds to afford a new missionary. Suggests asking for priest from apostolic colleges. Grimarest speaks of 200 pesos to be paid in charity to Pima missionaries; says some of that could go toward Bacoachi mission. Also willing to allow some auxiliaries to work in fields to support mission, but doubts Indians would be good at it; it isn't in their character to be industrious, only warlike. Granados brags of turning fierce Seris from wolves into lambs, baptising them himself. Nava speaks of granting parcels of land to Apaches to make them self sufficient, at same time sell them livestock for ranching, using profits to build mission so that it's not so expensive. Mention of Jacinto, Alexandro planting corn. (A. Dean, April 1989)