Brief report of battle with Indians near Tamaulipas (ff. 27-28); tobacco concession, authorization and receipts in Nuevo santender (ff. 29-37); regulations taken in order to maintain troops and prevent illegal cultivation and trade of tobacco (ff. 37-39) (p. Coyle may 1990)

Documents recount Series of Indian raids against San Juan, San Pablo, and other haciendas in area in which many men and livestock were killed. Other haciendas terrorized by dumping of victims' bodies from previous raids. Spanish troops engage in battle, but nightfall allows Indians to escape. Arredondo writes to virrey that Texas lacks sufficient troops and material to adequately protect residents from Indian hostilities. Includes inventory of troop strength at all Texas presidios to support plea for assistance. Concludes with verifications of receipt by tesoreria de Texas of 6 thousand pesos to alleviate situation. (A. Tukey, March 1989)

Concerns relations with the Lipanes, Apaches, and other Indian tribes; mentions military conflicts with the Apaches. In particular, the Indian texa, as he is continually referred to, apparently killed a Lipan named Joseph el Coxo in the Plaza of the Valle of Santa Rosa and was caught; thus, many of the documents relate to that incident. (J. Hiller, 1989)

Tax on sales to be used to aid expedition sale of cards (4 real tax) and tobacco; tobacco to be packaged according to provisions. Problems among capitans affecting jurisdiction of governor over the vecinos of their presidios, capitans complain they do not have control of troops to fight enemy invasions, waiting for license to do away with all Indians who do not speak Spanish; Corbalan to Croix regarding prohibition of alcohol, complains that Mescal prohibited and not even found for medicinal use, difficulty aquiring caldos de Castilla, request that some be allowed to produce Mescal; Croix responds that the Mescal factory and use of the drink must be abolished. Pimas described cooperating in robbery with rebel Indians--Corbalan describes their tactics in escaping from troops. Corbalan sends inspection reports on Varios military groups and fiscal affairs of the expedition; lack of funds and currency. Mesia writes Corbalan about his opinion of worth of two companias volantes in Guaymas. Notification of recipients of promotions within companias volantes; discussion of provision of supplies to expedition. Corbalan will publish vandos about establishment of lottery. Corbalan to Croix regarding Alamos treasurer, and treasury instruccion written by Belena; additions to the instruccion provided which concern debtors, control of treasury keys, papel sellado, division of land among employees, collecting tribute, and cost of treasury office supplies. (L. L. Woodward, July 1989)

4 divisions of troops invade Cerro Prieto. Armona, Peyran encounter about 40 rebels who flee up mountainsides. Yaqui captive says rebels few in number - only 11 Seris left. Rest of Seris fled to Tiburon, Suaquis to Sierra de los Pilares, Pimas Altos to unit with Vipise west of Pitic. Peyran encounters 9 rebels, killing 2 women and 4 men, including gobernador of Suaqui, the autor de la suble-vacion de esta nacion. further reconnaissance uncovers no more rebels. Elizondo realizes that Spaniards have underestimated fragosidad of Cerro Prieto. Notes rebel have small plantings of maize, Calabasas there, as well as 100 ollas of water in strategic location. However, rebels now fleeing in small groups rather than massing in Cerro Prieto. Spanish strategy of defeating rebels in one great battle no longer feasible. Troops need to be broken down into small, mobile detachments to pursue rebels. (T. Sheridan) (1980)

Ugalde suggests necessity of total war on all Indians, in response to their cruelties. However, they can't be fought in european style, can't be conquered by force, must be done by cleverness. Ugalde wants to weed out half-wits from companies, stop working with ignorant, useless Milicias, fight more of a guerrilla war with only those capable of it. Plan described for controlling surrendered Indians; includes banning all weapons from them, severely punishing anyone caught making arrows; also discusses points of settlement structure, agriculture, etc. (A. Dean, Jul 1990)

Index to quadernos (numbered 1-16) concerning Indian raids in Sierra de Tamaulipa, peace proposals by village Indians, damage done by palalquelquas, Lazaga's discussion of Chichimecos, transport of Indians in chaingangs, troop increases, supply of weapons for troops, proposed peace with Lipanes, efforts at pacification in Nuevo Santander. Lasaga emphasizes need for additional settlements to counter advantage Indians have attacking existing settlements; proposes two - three new settlements of Approximately 50 people; outlines measures to be taken to make settlements economically viable, integrated with existing settlements. Mentions success of other settlements created for greater defense. Mentions legalities of ensuring equitable land tenure; certain amount of land would be set aside for livestock to remove expensive need to import meat from Veracruz. (O. Velez, February 1990)

Believed that tasegoslan, Vivora killed in fighting as auxiliaries. Their bands at Janos. Reports of Indians killing citizens (not raiding, chose specific victims). Troops at Corral de Piedra, Conchos sent after them. Cordero in charge of arms in Nueva Vizcaya in Ugarte y Loyola's absence. Diaz de Luna bringing chaingang of Indians to Chihuahua. Journal of Tovar's campaign into hostile country with Opatas, Chiricahuas as auxiliaries. Mention of tren. Draft from viceroy ordering reward be paid to deserving auxiliaries. (A. Dean, April 1989)

Scribe named; testimony of sargent concerning desertion; testimony of Salcido, includes account of Comanche attacks; Salcido says he deserted because he was stuck with nothing to eat and no help after Indian attacks, hides in church; notice from presidio chaplain that Salcido hid out there; azarte gives Salcido two months in jail and Ten years of military service depending on good behavior; Salcido freed by virrey June 21, 1820. (p. Coyle December 1989)

Declaration of a soldier that witnessed the murder of a mailman by an Indian party. A detailed account of the event is given. On the Basis of the style of the arrows they think they could have been Apaches, but some doubts arise from the fact that they were naked and that they let the soldier flee. In this context, the traditional way of dressing and riding of the Apaches are described. (A. Nielsen, November 1989)